保证案件提出了一个明确且可辩护的论点，并得到证据支持，即系统将按照特定情况下的意图运行。通常，保证案例提出了一个论点，即系统在其预期的上下文中将是安全的。值得信赖的AI研究社区中的一项新兴建议是扩展和应用这种方法，以保证使用AI系统或自治系统（AI/AS）在特定情况下将是可接受的道德。在本文中，我们进一步提出了这一建议。我们通过为AI/AS提供基于原则的道德保证（PBEA）论点模式来做到这一点。 PBEA参数模式为推理给定AI/AS的整体道德可接受性提供了一个框架，它可能是特定道德保证案例的早期原型模板。构成PBEA论证模式基础的四个核心道德原则是：正义；福利；非遗憾；并尊重个人自主权。在整个过程中，我们将参数模式的阶段连接到AI/作为应用程序的示例。这有助于显示其最初的合理性。

Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMP) have found remarkable applicability and success in various robotic tasks, which can be mainly attributed to their generalization and robustness properties. Nevertheless, their generalization is based only on the trajectory endpoints (initial and target position). Moreover, the spatial generalization of DMP is known to suffer from shortcomings like over-scaling and mirroring of the motion. In this work we propose a novel generalization scheme, based on optimizing online the DMP weights so that the acceleration profile and hence the underlying training trajectory pattern is preserved. This approach remedies the shortcomings of the classical DMP scaling and additionally allows the DMP to generalize also to intermediate points (via-points) and external signals (coupling terms), while preserving the training trajectory pattern. Extensive comparative simulations with the classical and other DMP variants are conducted, while experimental results validate the applicability and efficacy of the proposed method.

Whether based on models, training data or a combination, classifiers place (possibly complex) input data into one of a relatively small number of output categories. In this paper, we study the structure of the boundary--those points for which a neighbor is classified differently--in the context of an input space that is a graph, so that there is a concept of neighboring inputs, The scientific setting is a model-based naive Bayes classifier for DNA reads produced by Next Generation Sequencers. We show that the boundary is both large and complicated in structure. We create a new measure of uncertainty, called Neighbor Similarity, that compares the result for a point to the distribution of results for its neighbors. This measure not only tracks two inherent uncertainty measures for the Bayes classifier, but also can be implemented, at a computational cost, for classifiers without inherent measures of uncertainty.

Dynamical systems are found in innumerable forms across the physical and biological sciences, yet all these systems fall naturally into universal equivalence classes: conservative or dissipative, stable or unstable, compressible or incompressible. Predicting these classes from data remains an essential open challenge in computational physics at which existing time-series classification methods struggle. Here, we propose, \texttt{phase2vec}, an embedding method that learns high-quality, physically-meaningful representations of 2D dynamical systems without supervision. Our embeddings are produced by a convolutional backbone that extracts geometric features from flow data and minimizes a physically-informed vector field reconstruction loss. In an auxiliary training period, embeddings are optimized so that they robustly encode the equations of unseen data over and above the performance of a per-equation fitting method. The trained architecture can not only predict the equations of unseen data, but also, crucially, learns embeddings that respect the underlying semantics of the embedded physical systems. We validate the quality of learned embeddings investigating the extent to which physical categories of input data can be decoded from embeddings compared to standard blackbox classifiers and state-of-the-art time series classification techniques. We find that our embeddings encode important physical properties of the underlying data, including the stability of fixed points, conservation of energy, and the incompressibility of flows, with greater fidelity than competing methods. We finally apply our embeddings to the analysis of meteorological data, showing we can detect climatically meaningful features. Collectively, our results demonstrate the viability of embedding approaches for the discovery of dynamical features in physical systems.

Media bias can significantly impact the formation and development of opinions and sentiments in a population. It is thus important to study the emergence and development of partisan media and political polarization. However, it is challenging to quantitatively infer the ideological positions of media outlets. In this paper, we present a quantitative framework to infer both political bias and content quality of media outlets from text, and we illustrate this framework with empirical experiments with real-world data. We apply a bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network to a data set of more than 1 million tweets to generate a two-dimensional ideological-bias and content-quality measurement for each tweet. We then infer a ``media-bias chart'' of (bias, quality) coordinates for the media outlets by integrating the (bias, quality) measurements of the tweets of the media outlets. We also apply a variety of baseline machine-learning methods, such as a naive-Bayes method and a support-vector machine (SVM), to infer the bias and quality values for each tweet. All of these baseline approaches are based on a bag-of-words approach. We find that the LSTM-network approach has the best performance of the examined methods. Our results illustrate the importance of leveraging word order into machine-learning methods in text analysis.

美国的意识形态分裂在日常交流中变得越来越突出。因此，关于政治两极分化的许多研究，包括最近采取计算观点的许多努力。通过检测文本语料库中的政治偏见，可以尝试描述和辨别该文本的两极分性。从直觉上讲，命名的实体（即，用作名词的名词和短语）和文本中的标签经常带有有关政治观点的信息。例如，使用“支持选择”一词的人可能是自由的，而使用“亲生生命”一词的人可能是保守的。在本文中，我们试图揭示社交媒体文本数据中的政治极性，并通过将极性得分分配给实体和标签来量化这些极性。尽管这个想法很简单，但很难以可信赖的定量方式进行这种推论。关键挑战包括少数已知标签，连续的政治观点，以及在嵌入单词媒介中的极性得分和极性中性语义含义的保存。为了克服这些挑战，我们提出了极性感知的嵌入多任务学习（PEM）模型。该模型包括（1）自制的上下文保护任务，（2）基于注意力的推文级别的极性推导任务，以及（3）对抗性学习任务，可促进嵌入式的极性维度及其语义之间的独立性方面。我们的实验结果表明，我们的PEM模型可以成功学习极性感知的嵌入。我们检查了各种应用，从而证明了PEM模型的有效性。我们还讨论了我们的工作的重要局限性，并在将PEM模型应用于现实世界情景时的压力谨慎。

文档级信息提取（IE）任务最近开始使用端到端的神经网络技术对其句子级别的IE同行进行认真重新审视。但是，对方法的评估在许多维度上受到限制。特别是，Precision/Recell/F1分数通常报道，几乎没有关于模型造成的错误范围的见解。我们基于Kummerfeld和Klein（2013）的工作，为基于转换的框架提出了用于文档级事件和（N- ARY）关系提取的自动化错误分析的框架。我们采用我们的框架来比较来自三个域的数据集上的两种最先进的文档级模板填充方法；然后，为了衡量IE自30年前成立以来的进展，与MUC-4（1992）评估的四个系统相比。

大多数现有的机器人收割机都使用单一的方法；单臂通过分离运动抓住农作物并将其脱离，或者通过特殊设计的抓地力/切割器最终效果切割茎。但是，这种单人的解决方案不能用于敏感的农作物和杂乱的环境（如葡萄和葡萄园），其中障碍物可能会阻塞茎并且没有空间容纳切割机的放置。在这种情况下，该解决方案将需要一个双人机器人，以便在视觉上揭开茎并操纵抓地力的作物，以创建与人类使用的实践相似的切割负担能力。在这项工作中，提出了一种达到茎预切口状态的双臂协调运动控制方法。配备刀具的摄像头正到达茎，尽可能将其揭开，而第二臂则将握住的农作物移向周围的自由空间，以促进其茎切割。在使用塑料葡萄簇的模型葡萄藤设置进行实验室实验可评估所提出的方法，涉及两个UR5E机器人臂和一个Realsense D415摄像头。

本文对地面农业机器人系统和应用进行了全面综述，并特别关注收获，涵盖研究，商业产品和结果及其能力技术。大多数文献涉及作物检测的发展，通过视觉及其相关挑战的现场导航。健康监测，产量估计，水状态检查，种子种植和清除杂草经常遇到任务。关于机器人收割，苹果，草莓，西红柿和甜辣椒，主要是出版物，研究项目和商业产品中考虑的农作物。据报道的收获农业解决方案，通常由移动平台，单个机器人手臂/操纵器和各种导航/视觉系统组成。本文回顾了报告的特定功能和硬件的发展，通常是运营农业机器人收割机所要求的；它们包括（a）视觉系统，（b）运动计划/导航方法（对于机器人平台和/或ARM），（c）具有3D可视化的人类机器人交流（HRI）策略，（d）系统操作计划＆掌握策略和（e）机器人最终效果/抓手设计。显然，自动化农业，特别是通过机器人系统的自主收获是一个研究领域，它仍然敞开着，在可以做出新的贡献的地方提供了一些挑战。

自动诊断阿尔茨海默氏病的前驱阶段与患者治疗以改善生活质量非常相关。我们将此问题作为多模式分类任务解决。多模式数据提供了更丰富和互补的信息。但是，现有技术仅考虑数据与单个/多模式成像数据之间的低阶关系。在这项工作中，我们为阿尔茨海默氏病的诊断引入了一个新型的半监督超图学习框架。我们的框架允许多模式成像和非成像数据之间建立高阶关系，同时需要一个小标记的集合。首先，我们引入了一种双重嵌入策略，用于构建保留数据语义的强大超图。我们通过使用基于对比的机制在图像和图形级别上执行扰动不变性来实现这一目标。其次，我们通过半阐释流动进行动态调整的超晶扩散模型，以改善预测性不确定性。我们通过实验证明，我们的框架能够优于阿尔茨海默氏病诊断的当前技术。